What is Dictionary Attacks?

 

A dictionary attack is a brute-force technique where attackers run through common words and phrases, such as those from a dictionary, to guess passwords. It is also known as dictionary password attack. 

Most people use real words as passwords.

Trying all dictionary words and makes the attack much faster.

Hackers and spammers attempt to log in to a computer system by trying all possible passwords until the correct one is found.

Countermeasures

Lockout a user after X no of  failed login attempts

Not using Dictionary words as passwords

What is Fraggle Attacks?

 

A Fraggle attack is exactly the same as a smurf attack, except that it uses the user datagram protocol, or UDP, rather than the more common transmission control protocol, or TCP. Fraggle attacks, like smurf attacks, are starting to become outdated and are commonly stopped by most firewalls or routers.

The attacker sends UDP packets to the random ports of the victim host. The victim will check for application listening on the port and reply with the "ICMP destination unreachable" packet.

The attacker can spoof the IP address of the UDP packets so that no one can trace it back.

Countermeasures

Close all unused ports.

What is Smurf Attack?

 

A smurf attack is a form of a distributed denial-of-service attack that renders computer networks inoperable

The Smurf program accomplishes this by exploiting vulnerabilities of the Internet Protocol (IP) and Internet Control Message Protocols (ICMP).

Huge numbers of ICMP requests are sent to the victim's IP address.

The source and destination IP address is spoofed. The hosts on the victim's network respond to the ICMP requests.

This creates a significant amount of traffic on the victim’s network, resulting in the consumption of bandwidth and ultimately causing the victim’s server to crash.

Countermeasures

Configure individual hosts and routers to not respond to ICMP requests or broadcasts; or

Configure routers to not forward packets directed to broadcast addresses.

What is Brute Force Attack?

Brute Force Attack

A brute-force attack consists of an attacker trying many passwords or passphrases with the hope of eventually guessing correctly.

The attacker systematically checks all possible passwords and passphrases until the correct one is found.

When password guessing, this method is very fast when used to check all short passwords.

There is a computer program run automatically to get the password.

The most basic brute force attack is a dictionary attack, where the attacker works through a dictionary of possible passwords and tries them all.

Countermeasures

• Account Lockout - You Have Implemented Account Lockout With A Clipping Level Of 4

• Strong Passwords -  A strong password must be at least 12 characters long and should consist of a random collection of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters.

• Implement Captcha - It is used to differentiate between real users and automated users, such as bots.

What is Man-In-The-Middle Attack?

 

Man-In-The-Middle Attack AKA MITM

It is an attack where the attacker secretly relays and possibly alters the communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other.

Countermeasures

• Digital Signature - A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents.

• Mutual authentication - Mutual authentication, also known as two-way authentication, is a security process in which entities authenticate each other before actual communication occurs.

What is the two kind of cyber attacks?

 

There is two kinds of attacks.

Active Attack - which listens

    An active attack is network exploitation in which a hacker attempts to make changes to data on the target or data en route to the target.

Passive Attack - which modifies

    A passive attack is a network attack in which a system is monitored and sometimes scanned for open ports and vulnerabilities. The purpose is solely to gain information about the target and no data is changed on the target.

How to Set Password On Any Application In Pc

You have to download a software named Password Door for your pc

Now install it to your pc, while installing , it will ask you to enter a password which will be used to open the password protected softwares.

Now open Password Door with the help of password which you have entered while installing

Click on protect a program.

You’ll see a list of all program on which you can set password.

Select the app from the list and make it password protect.

Now whenever you or any other user open password protected app, app will ask for the password. if you know the password only then you can access the application.

You can remove password from apps anytime.

How to Remove Windows Genuine Message from the windows desktop

Click start and type cmd

Right click on the cmd.exe and run as administrator

Type slmrg –rearm and hit enter

Restart the system

After restart click start and type cmd

Right click on the cmd.exe and run as administrator

Type slmgr -ato and hit enter

Again restart

That’s it

How to Disable Command Prompt in Windows 7

You have to go to Run by Pressing Windows Key + R.

Type gpedit.msc and hit enter.

Goto User Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> System

In the right-side pane, set "Prevent access to command prompt" to either Not Configured or Disabled.

It's done.

How to Transfer Balance From One Mobile To Other Mobile

BSNL

To use this service, you need to type SMS in this format: Gift < SPACE > < Receiver’s Number > < SPACE >< Amount > and send it to either 53733 or 53738.

For example, Gift 9876543210 50.

Limitations -You can transfer amount from Rs.5 to Rs.50 only. The receiver should be active from atleast for 30 days and sender should be active for atleast 3 months .

AIRTEL

Just Dial USSD code *141#
A window will appear where you can see many option.
Select first option i.e Share Talk Time .
Just type mobile number ( receiver’s no ). 

Limitations - You can transfer Rs. 5 to Rs. 30  only. And after you have done with the transfer , you should have at least Rs. 10 balance . You can do this 5 times a day.

IDEA

Type - *567*< Receiver’s Mobile Number >*< Amount>#.

Limitations- You can transfer Rs.5 to Rs.100 only. You will be charge Rs.2 per transaction balance only once in a day to a particular number.

TATA DOCOMO

You have to just send a simple message for doing this.
The format for message is -  BT<SPACE>Mobile Number<SPACE>Amount 
and send it to 54321 .Example – BT 8149461048 50.

Limitations – You will be charged Rs.2 for every balance transfer. The sender should be customer of Tata Docomo from atleast 90 days and receiver from 30 days.

VODAFONE

Dial  *131*< Amount >*< Receiver’s Mobile Number ># , here the amount is the balance or money to be transferred to the receiver .You don’t need to give space in between.

Limitations –You can transfer Rs. 3 to Rs.30 only . Balance can be transfer only once in a day to the same number. Processing fee may differ according to the amount you are transferring. It cost Re.1 for transferring Rs.5

AIRCEL

Type *122*666# and call. Soon a window will appear , this will show various amounts to be transferred.

Amount may range for Rs.5 to Rs.100 .

Select the amount and then enter the receiver’s  number , press OK.

Limitations - You can transfer amount to a single number once a day. Rs .2 will be charged for every transfer .

RELIANCE

Dial *367*3#
Enter *312*3# and mobile number
Enter balance amount
Enter PIN. Default PIN is 1.

UNINOR

Dial *202*< Mobile Number >*< Amount >#.

Mobile number is the receiver number and amount is the balance to be transferred. 

Limitations –Processing fee is Rs.2 for every transaction . You can transferred amount of Rs.5 to Rs.50 . The transaction between the same number can occur only once in a day.

Types of Hacking

Local Hacking: This type of hacking is done when a hacker has full access to

the system to implant a virus, keylogger and RATs.

Remote Hacking: Remote hacking is done on a remote system using

Internet.

Social Engineering: Social Engineering is kind of interacting skill that a hacker

uses to manipulate people giving out sensitive information. Its kind of trick

done using good verbal, social skills and understanding.

How to Become a Hacker

If you want to make your career in hacking then you must have these skills.

You must have the complete software knowledge and a little of hardware is enough. You must understand how the hardware stuff works, the hard disk, the RAM and the most important the mother board.

You need to have a very good programming skills. Because you can break it only when you can make it. You need to know all the scripting languages, most of them.

These are few programming and scripting languages which a hacker must have a sound knowledge on!

1. C++ programming

2. JavaScript

3. Python programming

4. MySQL

5. PHP

6. Perl and Pascal

7. Assembly language

8. Basics of HTML, CSS, ASP  and Java

Now suppose, you know all of the stuff which I have mentioned above, you thing you are a hacker now?. No, not at all you just are a programmer not a hacker yet. What I mean is you just learn to make it not to break yet.

So what’s your next step? It's to go ahead and experiment on these stuff, remember to be creative every time you start experimenting!

How to Convert Email To PDF And Other Document Formats

Converting your email into documents like PDF and other document formats like Doc just got easier. 

In Gmail, Browse to ‘Labs’ tab from Settings.

Search for a tab writing ‘Create a Document’ in the query box. Enable that feature. And save changes.

You are all set to convert your emails into documents. Open the document you want to convert into document. If you want pictures to appear in the documents, enable pictures by clicking on display images below.

Now once you have opened the email, click on More and chose to create a document.

Once you chose to Create a document you will be taken to Google Docs. From file menu choose the format you want to download as. That is it. 

How to Remove Items from Right-Click Menu

You have to make changes in the registry to remove an item from the right click menu.

Open Run by Click Windows + r and type regedit and click Ok

In Registry Settings window, Navigate to -

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shellexe\ContextMenuHandlers

From the list, Right Click on the item which you want to remove from your Context menu.

Select delete from the menu.

Refresh your Desktop and Right Click on any icon and you will be glad to see that unwanted item is removed from context menu.

How to Quickly Save Gmail Attachments to Google Docs or Drive

You need to add extension named Gmail Attachments to Drive to your Google Chrome browser.

Go to your Gmail inbox and locate any email with attachments you would like to save directly to Google docs.

Now, you have an added the option of saving the attachments to Google Drive shown as “Save To Drive”.

Select “Save to Drive” for each of the documents you want to save to your Google Drive account.

That’s it. Your attachment has been saved to Google drive. A new tab will open to confirm that your attachments are indeed saved in Google docs.

You can select Google Docs from this page if you wish to view the saved attachment to confirm that your attachment is intact.

How to Add Icons to the Toolbar in Firefox

There's a way to add more functionality to your Firefox toolbar.
Go to the View menu, then Click Toolbars.

Then go to the "Customize" option.

Now you can drag and drop a number of extra icons to the top of your browser for easy access. 

How to create your own customized RUN commands

Right click on the desktop screen and click on "New" then click on "Shortcut".

Browse for the program for which you want to create the command. (Navigate where the program is installed. In my case location is "C:\Program Files\CCleaner\CCleaner.exe"). Target to the main file of the program such as CCleaner, iexplore etc. 

Click "OK". Type a name for the shortcut easy to type like cc for CCleaner. Then click "Finish”.

Cut the shortcut and paste it to C:\Windows.

You are done. Just open the Run dialog box, type cc and hit Enter to open the CCleaner.

Just like this you can create various other commands for other programs such as "ff" for Firefox, "cc" for CCleaner etc.

How to Pin Anything to Taskbar on Windows 7

You have to download Taskbar Pinner from winaero.com

Taskbar Pinner pins not only files and folders, including virtual folders, but also control panel applet, including God Mode, drives as well.

The tool has a very simple user interface that only contains 4 options to allow you ping 4 kinds of objects to the Taskbar.

To pin an object, simply click one of the options, which opens up the File Open dialog box, select the object, and click Open button to pin the object onto the Taskbar. You will see the result immediately.

When you check the option “Explorer context menu”, it adds an “add to taskbar” items into the explorer context menu so that you can easily pin the object directly from the context menu without even opening the program.

It works only on Windows 7, both 32-bit and 64-bit systems.

How to Change the Default Font Size in Firefox

Open Firefox, Go to "Tools,"and "Options," then "Content".

Then click on the "Advanced" button next to "Fonts & Colors."

You can then select a minimum font size from the drop down menu.

That's it.

How to Disable the keyboard Using Batch File

Open the notepad.

Copy and paste the below code into notepad.

@echo off

echo Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 > “nokeyboard.reg”

echo [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\Keyboard Layout] >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo “Scancode Map”=hex:00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,7c,00,00,00,00,00,01,00,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,3b,00,00,00,3c,00,00,00,3d,00,00,00,3e,00,00,00,3f,00,00,00,40,00,00,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 41,00,00,00,42,00,00,00,43,00,00,00,44,00,00,00,57,00,00,00,58,00,00,00,37,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo e0,00,00,46,00,00,00,45,00,00,00,35,e0,00,00,37,00,00,00,4a,00,00,00,47,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,00,48,00,00,00,49,00,00,00,4b,00,00,00,4c,00,00,00,4d,00,00,00,4e,00,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,4f,00,00,00,50,00,00,00,51,00,00,00,1c,e0,00,00,53,00,00,00,52,00,00,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 4d,e0,00,00,50,e0,00,00,4b,e0,00,00,48,e0,00,00,52,e0,00,00,47,e0,00,00,49,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo e0,00,00,53,e0,00,00,4f,e0,00,00,51,e0,00,00,29,00,00,00,02,00,00,00,03,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,00,04,00,00,00,05,00,00,00,06,00,00,00,07,00,00,00,08,00,00,00,09,00,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,0a,00,00,00,0b,00,00,00,0c,00,00,00,0d,00,00,00,0e,00,00,00,0f,00,00,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 10,00,00,00,11,00,00,00,12,00,00,00,13,00,00,00,14,00,00,00,15,00,00,00,16,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,00,00,17,00,00,00,18,00,00,00,19,00,00,00,1a,00,00,00,1b,00,00,00,2b,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,00,3a,00,00,00,1e,00,00,00,1f,00,00,00,20,00,00,00,21,00,00,00,22,00,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,23,00,00,00,24,00,00,00,25,00,00,00,26,00,00,00,27,00,00,00,28,00,00,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 1c,00,00,00,2a,00,00,00,2c,00,00,00,2d,00,00,00,2e,00,00,00,2f,00,00,00,30,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,00,00,31,00,00,00,32,00,00,00,33,00,00,00,34,00,00,00,35,00,00,00,36,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,00,1d,00,00,00,5b,e0,00,00,38,00,00,00,39,00,00,00,38,e0,00,00,5c,e0,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,5d,e0,00,00,1d,e0,00,00,5f,e0,00,00,5e,e0,00,00,22,e0,00,00,24,e0,00,00,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 10,e0,00,00,19,e0,00,00,30,e0,00,00,2e,e0,00,00,2c,e0,00,00,20,e0,00,00,6a,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo e0,00,00,69,e0,00,00,68,e0,00,00,67,e0,00,00,42,e0,00,00,6c,e0,00,00,6d,e0,\ >> “nokeyboard.reg”

echo 00,00,66,e0,00,00,6b,e0,00,00,21,e0,00,00,00,00 >> “nokeyboard.reg”

start nokeyboard.reg

Save it with anything.bat extension.

Then Run the batch file.

Your keyboard will no longer works.

Note: Any harm to your computer is at your risk!